Exploring Stars in Underground Laboratories: Challenges and Solutions

For millennia, mankind has been fascinated by the marvel of starry night sky. Yet, a proper scientific understanding how stars form, shine, and die is relatively recent achievement, made possible interplay different disciplines as well significant technological, theoretical, observational progress. We now know that are sustained nuclear fusion reactions furnaces where all chemical elements continue to be forged out primordial hydrogen helium. Studying these in terrestrial laboratories presents serious challenges often requires developing ingenious instrumentation detection techniques. Here, we reveal some major breakthroughs our quest unveil inner workings have come from most unexpected places: deep underground. As celebrate 30 years activity at first underground laboratory for astrophysics, LUNA, review key milestones anticipate future opportunities further advances both LUNA other worldwide.